Efficacy of arterial duct stenting in neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of arterial duct stenting in neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum patients received arterial duct stenting in our hospital from December 2007 to September 2010 were involved in this study. The average age was (8.20 +/- 2.90) days (ranged from 3 to 13 days). The average weight was (3.41 +/- 0.29) kg (ranged from 3.00 to 3.88 kg). The stents were selected according to digital subtracted angiography measurements. After checking for correct position by angiography, the balloon was inflated to expand the stent to desired diameter. Oxygen saturation was monitored, echocardiography was measured and stent diameter and location were observed by chest Xray. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post procedure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Stents were successfully implanted in all 11 patients. The preoperative peripheral oxygen saturation was (63.27 +/- 8.47)%, while increased to (82.73 +/- 5.59)% after alprostadil application and to (86.18 +/- 3.19)% after operation (all P < 0.01). After the operation, the peripheral oxygen saturation was higher than alprostadil application (P < 0.05). The intraoperative narrowest diameter of patent ductus arteriosus was (1.69 +/- 0.37) mm, the length was (16.72 +/- 2.37) mm. The internal diameter of implant stents was 4 mm, the length was (20.18 +/- 3.40) mm. After the operation, surgical B-T shunt operation was performed in one patient due to stent shift and pulse oxygen saturation decrease. One patient died post operation with unknown reason, another patient received stent balloon dilatation due to pulse oxygen saturation decrease at 4 months after the surgery. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum surgeries were performed in 2 patients at 5 and 7 months after stent implantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum arterial stent implantation was a feasible and effective procedure and this method could be used as preferred treatment in pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum for neonates.</p>

Imaging Features of Pediatric Pentastomiasis Infection: a Case Report

We report here a case of pentastomiasis infection in a 3-year-old girl who had high fever, abdominal pain, abdominal tension and anemia. Ultrasound scanning of the abdomen revealed disseminated hyperechoic nodules in the liver and a small amount of ascites. Abdominal MRI showed marked hepatomegaly with disseminated miliary nodules of high signal intensity throughout the hepatic parenchyma on T2-weighted images; retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and disseminated miliary nodules on the peritoneum were also noted. Chest CT showed scattered small hyperdense nodules on both sides of the lungs. The laparoscopy demonstrated diffuse white nodules on the liver surface and the peritoneum. After the small intestinal wall and peritoneal biopsy, histological examination revealed parenchymal tubercles containing several larvae of pentastomids and a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration around them. The pathological diagnosis was parasitic granuloma from pentastomiasis infection.

Effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization on activity of cell proliferation in Wilms; tumor / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of preoperative transcatherter arterial chemo-embolization (TACE) on the cell proliferation in Wilms; tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-one cases of Wilms; tumor diagnosed by histopathology were divided into two groups: in TACE group, 23 patients received TACE first and were operated 2 weeks later; in control group, 18 patients were operated alone. A comparative analysis of the pathological finding was made in two groups, and the expression of PCNA and VEGF in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The degeneration of tumor tissue such as tumor cell necrotic, broken, disappearance occurred in 17 cases of TACE group and in 4 cases of control group, respectively (P <0.01). The expression of PCNA in TACE group and in control group was 1/23 (4.3 %) and 9/18(50.0 %), respectively (P <0.01). VEGF was expressed in 7/23 (30.4 %) of TACE group and 9/18 (50.0 %) of control group (P=0.283).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TACE can significantly inhibit proliferation and enhance degeneration of Wilms; tumor cells.</p>

Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty for congenital valvular aortic stenosis in children / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of the balloon valvuloplasty for congenital valvular aortic stenosis (AS) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of twenty one children with AS accepted the treatment of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (PBAV). One of them complicated with PDA underwent PDA closure by using Amplatzer occluder in the mean time. PBAV could not be accomplished in 3 cases because the catheter could not be advanced into left ventricle and PBAV was not performed in 2 cases due to the gradient pressures across aortic valves less than 50 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa). The procedure was completed in 16 cases. The ratios of balloon/valve were 0.98 +/- 0.04 (0.92 - 1.10).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>13 cases had more than 50% gradient reduction (81.25%), 2 had 40% - 50% gradient reduction. The follow up period ranged from 3 months to 5 years. The gradient pressures rose to more than 50 mm Hg after follow up in 3 cases and they underwent repeat balloon valvuloplasty procedure or were operated successfully. There was no moderate to severe aortic insufficiency (AI).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The result of balloon aortic valvuloplasty showed the significant hemodynamic improvement with relative safety in pediatric patients. PBAV provides another choice in comparison with surgery.</p>

Treatment of advanced Wilms' tumor / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve prognosis of the patients with advanced Wilms' tumor, the authors compared different therapeutic strategies including preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), conventional preoperative chemotherapy and initial surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two patients aged from 5 months to 10 years (mean 3.2 years) were identified from medical records to have histologically confirmed advanced Wilms' tumor during the period from January 1993 to December 2002. The criteria for choice were huge tumor size with a volume more than 550 ml or the mass extending beyond the midline, involvement of vital structures, inferior vena cava invasion, distal metastasis or bilateral Wilms' tumor judged by imaging examination. All cases were divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received: 31 cases in group TACE received preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with Lipiodol-Epirubicin (EPI)-Vincristine emulsion. One week after TACE, systemic chemotherapy with Actinomycin D (ACTD) was administered and tumor resected at two weeks after TACE. 20 cases in group PC received conventional preoperative chemotherapy with VCR, ACTD plus EPI for 4-5 weeks, and 11 cases in group IS underwent initial surgery. Postoperative treatment for all patients was based on the postoperative staging and tumor histology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the patients treated with TACE, no drug-induced complications such as cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatic dysfunction or bone marrow suppression were observed except for mild fever due to tumor necrosis. The percentages of tumor size shrinkage were 32.4% and 20.3% in group TACE and group PC, respectively (P < 0.05). Complete surgical removal of the tumor was achieved in 27 patients (87.1%) in group TACE, significantly higher in comparison with 14 in group PC (70.0%, P < 0.05) and 2 in group IS (18.2%, P < 0.01). Event-free survival (EFS) at 2 years was 87.1% (27/ 31), 60.0% (12/20) and 18.2% (2/11), respectivrely. EFS at 4 years was 84.6% (11/13), 56.3% (9/16 ) and 18.2% (2/11) in groups TACE, PC and IS, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present study has shown that both preoperative TACE and conventional preoperative chemotherapy can be applied to the patients with advanced Wilms' tumor who are not candidates for immediately surgical resection. The survival is significantly increased in the patients undergoing preoperativeTACE when compared with conventional preoperative chemotherapy and initial surgery.</p>